What GLP-1s are for.
Evidence summaries for each FDA-approved and emerging GLP-1 indication, with the trial basis, label, and treatment-eligibility context.
Type 2 diabetes
GLP-1 receptor agonists (and the dual GLP-1/GIP tirzepatide) are first-line add-ons to metformin for adults with type 2 diabetes, with consistent HbA1c reduction and weight loss benefit.
Obesity & chronic weight management
GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP therapies are the most effective approved pharmacotherapies for chronic weight management, with mean total body weight loss of 15–22.5% over 68–88 weeks.
Obstructive sleep apnea (in adults with obesity)
Tirzepatide became the first medication FDA-approved for moderate-to-severe OSA in adults with obesity (December 2024), based on the SURMOUNT-OSA trials.
MASH (formerly NASH)
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly NASH) is a leading non-malignant cause of liver transplant; GLP-1 therapies show promise on liver histology and fibrosis markers, though no GLP-1 is FDA-approved for MASH as of 2026.
Cardiovascular risk reduction (with obesity)
The SELECT trial established that semaglutide 2.4 mg reduces major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% in adults with overweight/obesity and established cardiovascular disease, independent of glycemic status.
Polycystic ovary syndrome
GLP-1 therapies are used off-label in PCOS for weight management and insulin-resistance modulation; small trials show metabolic and reproductive benefits but no GLP-1 is FDA-approved for PCOS.